This is perhaps the most popular group of garden grown clematis resulting from the crossing of c. patens from Japan (together with c. lanuginosa and c. florida from China), with c. viticella of s Europe. Most of the early breeding was during the period 1860–90 in England by Cripps & Son, c. Noble and George Jackman and Sons. Interest waned in the 20th century until the 1950s when breeding began again, perhaps the most notable contributor being Walter Pennell of Lincoln, uk.

Updated by: Niels Klazenga, December 2017